Black Panthers Essay Research Paper In 1966 free essay sample

Black Panthers Essay, Research Paper In 1966, the national Black Panther party was created. Their platform and it? s ideals struck a chord with inkinesss across the state, particularly in the interior metropoliss of the North. The Jaguars were able to form and unify these inkinesss. This alarmed the federal authorities. They instituted many controversial, illegal plans of torment, infiltration, and abetment which led to the deceases of many Jaguars. From their origin, the Black Panthers were treated with contempt and disdain. The Jaguars wrote out a platform called? What We Want, What We Believe. ? There thoughts and methods appealed greatly to inkinesss. The past few old ages had seen the civil rights battle rise, and had left many inkinesss with the feeling that non plenty was being accomplished. Many Blacks shared the position of the Jaguars in that force was needed to support themselves until true equality could be achieved. Aside from being hawkish, the Panthers did things that helped the community. They set up breakfast, and helped people to clean up their vicinities. The Black Panthers gave many urban black communities a sense of integrity and individuality that they hadn? T had before. The Panther? s rhetoric of force alarmed the authorities. In March of 1968, the Panther newspaper printed this warning to patrol, ? Halt in the name of humanity! You shall do no more war on unarmed people. You will non kill another black individual and walk on the streets of the black community to triumph about it and sneer at the defenseless relations of your victims. From now on, when you murder a black individual in this Babylon or Babylons, you may every bit good give it up because we will acquire your buttocks and God can? t fell you. ? 1 This gave the authorities cause for dismay, and they stepped up their? attempts? consequently. The authorities went through great lengths to maintain up the position quo. They began runs of disinformation against the Jaguars in order to halt any support for the Panthers. The Panthers were continuously harassed by constabulary. Jaguars were followed and arrested on child, sometimes fabricated charges. For Example, in Oakland California, the central office of the Panthers, constabulary would randomly collar any Jaguars. In 1967, the FBI arrested 21 Black Panthers for? cabaling? to blow up section shops and botanical gardens in New York.2 Not merely was it local jurisprudence enforcement that tried to destruct the Panthers, but the FBI was really actively involved. The FBI had begun utilizing their COINTELPRO plan towards the Black Panthers in November 1968. They had many agents working to follow, harass and infiltrate the group. One of the first major actions the FBI undertook was to make a violent confrontation between the Panthers and the US group. The FBI used different methods, such as directing satirical sketchs to members of the Panthers under the pretence they were from US. These sketchs served to farther foment the already volatile state of affairs. An FBI agent said of the sketchs, ? The BPP members # 8230 ; strongly objected being made merriment of be sketchs being distributed by the US organisation ( FBI sketchs in actuality ) # 8230 ; [ Informant ] has advised on several occasions that the sketchs are, ? truly agitating up the BPP. ? 3 Subsequently on, the FBI forged a Panthers name, and sent a missive to another group of Panthers. This later was intended to trip more hatred and confrontation between the two groups, which it did. The FBI? s attempts continued, and were escalated. Their work with the Black Panthers came to a caput on cold December forenoon in 1969. The FBI had gathered a big sum of information on the leader of the Chicago Black Panthers, Fred Hampton. Through their beginnings within the Panthers, they knew the layout of Fred? s flat, and when he would be at that place. At 4:45 in the forenoon, 14 constabulary explosion through the door, and began hiting the inside of the flat. The constabulary wounded four people and killed two. Soon after the Illinois State Attorney issued a statement that it was the Black Panthers who had mounted the onslaught on the constabularies, who had been? transporting on a hunt for illegal arms? . Flint Taylor wrote of the State Attorney? s statement, ? Hanrahan had a narrative that Fred was up and firing off at the constabulary in the back portion of the flat. Well the bed that he was kiping on had blood wholly over it # 8211 ; at the caput and at other topographic points. So evidently, that wholly disproved the theory that Fred was up, about, and firing off. ? 4Upon ulterior probe, it was discovered that the Panthers had merely fired one shot out of the hundred or so that were fired. It was besides discovered that the constabulary had fabricated grounds to do it look as if the Panthers had fired upon the constabulary. In decision, . Because the Black Panthers united the black communities within the inner metropoliss of the United States. This integrity threatened the control the authorities had on these people. The authorities used illegal and unethical methods in order to destruct the Black Panthers. Their misrepresentation led straight to the deceases of several Jaguars

Free Essays on Dover Beach

Truth What appears to be true and what actually is true are two very different things. â€Å"Dover Beach†, written by Mathew Arnold uses an exquisitely calm ocean filled with tension to present a position of appearance verses reality. In the poem â€Å"Grecian Urn†, author John Keats creates an illusion of mortality painted on the urn verses the immortality of true life. Nathaniel Hawthorne also uses appearance verses reality when Young Goodman Brown discovers the true evil nature of mankind in what seemed to be his good friends and fellow townsmen. â€Å"Dover Beach† is about a beautifully calm sea, although when looking underneath the surface, it is a world full of hidden turbulence. Arnold starts the mood with the essence of tranquility and serenity. Dover Beach is described as, â€Å"calm [that night], the tide is full, the moon lies fair,† and all seems right. The appearance of Dover Beach at this time is only of what the human senses can envision. Arnold looks beneath the surface of Dover Beach and unveils the true nature of the sea. When Arnold stops to really listen to the sea, â€Å"[he] only [hears] [the sea’s] melancholy, long, withdrawing roar.† Arnold justifies the theory that things are not always what they appear to be. Arnold announces to his lover that, â€Å"[our] [world] of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love.† Though the world may disguise its self as pure and true, it is really tainted and fraudulent. John Keats’s poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† compares the perfections of a painting on an urn to the imperfections of true life. The painting on the urn portrays the outer beauty, which is ultimately unobtainable, that mankind strives for. The paintings are like â€Å"a flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf- fringed legend haunts about thy shape of deities or mortals.† The urn is beauty preserved while real life ages and dies, no matter how hard mankind... Free Essays on Dover Beach Free Essays on Dover Beach Truth What appears to be true and what actually is true are two very different things. â€Å"Dover Beach†, written by Mathew Arnold uses an exquisitely calm ocean filled with tension to present a position of appearance verses reality. In the poem â€Å"Grecian Urn†, author John Keats creates an illusion of mortality painted on the urn verses the immortality of true life. Nathaniel Hawthorne also uses appearance verses reality when Young Goodman Brown discovers the true evil nature of mankind in what seemed to be his good friends and fellow townsmen. â€Å"Dover Beach† is about a beautifully calm sea, although when looking underneath the surface, it is a world full of hidden turbulence. Arnold starts the mood with the essence of tranquility and serenity. Dover Beach is described as, â€Å"calm [that night], the tide is full, the moon lies fair,† and all seems right. The appearance of Dover Beach at this time is only of what the human senses can envision. Arnold looks beneath the surface of Dover Beach and unveils the true nature of the sea. When Arnold stops to really listen to the sea, â€Å"[he] only [hears] [the sea’s] melancholy, long, withdrawing roar.† Arnold justifies the theory that things are not always what they appear to be. Arnold announces to his lover that, â€Å"[our] [world] of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love.† Though the world may disguise its self as pure and true, it is really tainted and fraudulent. John Keats’s poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† compares the perfections of a painting on an urn to the imperfections of true life. The painting on the urn portrays the outer beauty, which is ultimately unobtainable, that mankind strives for. The paintings are like â€Å"a flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf- fringed legend haunts about thy shape of deities or mortals.† The urn is beauty preserved while real life ages and dies, no matter how hard mankind... Free Essays on Dover Beach Matthew Arnold’s dramatic monologue â€Å"Dover Beach† portrays the way in which perceptions are deceptive. The use of technical qualities, symbolism, and imagery helps to support the speaker’s thoughts between what is seen and what is real. Rhythm and meter are the most important devices in â€Å"Dover Beach†. These mechanisms allow Arnold to use words as a way to portray the speaker’s struggle. Figures of speech, sounds, and irony of words are also used. Line one; â€Å"The Sea is calm tonight† has a gentle rhythm that can be compared to the â€Å"ebb and flow† of the sea. With this description one can imagine a beautiful beach with water lapping upon the shore. The second line also gives the image of a calm sea. It is not until line three that the rhythm is broken. This line begins and ends with an iamb but the middle is broken up. The choppiness in the sentence is a foreshadowing of potential problems to come. In the fourth line the poem’s rhythm continues to be broken up, but shortly after is recovered in line five. The rhyme scheme is: ABACD, with only the first and third lines rhyming. This lack of pattern is used to provide an image of struggle within the speaker. In the second stanza, the number of feet per measure does not project a pattern. This is supposed to create a sense of misunderstanding. The false impression of the rhythm covers the inner struggle in the speaker. The sounds of Arnold’s poem help convey the speaker’s internal quandary. â€Å"You hear the grating roar of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling†, this quote gives the stanza an acoustic value. â€Å"On the French coast the light gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand, glimmering and vast,† portrays a visual picture of what is present at the scene. Arnold utilizes pleasing words to the ear when blissful times are present and harsh ones at time of depression and sadness. The sounds of the poem do not only display t... Free Essays on Dover Beach â€Å"Dover Beach† Essay In â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888), the narrator is in a house on the beach, and he is looking out the window at the sea and the beach. It is dark out. The lighthouse and the moon provide the illumination. The man is speaking to a woman in the house with him. The poem is a dramatic monologue, it tells a story. The sea serves two vital purposes in the poem – it is used as both a setting to set the mood, and as a means of contrast. Matthew Arnold wrote this poem in 1867. The beach house in the poem is somewhere on the English Channel, most likely on a piece of beachfront called â€Å"Dover Beach†. Some very eminent aspects of this poem are pebbles, Sophocles, the â€Å"Sea of Faith†, the Aegean Sea, and â€Å"ignorant armies†. Guy Montag recites â€Å"Dover Beach† in Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, to link the parallel conditions of human hopelessness and misery. The first part of â€Å"Dover Beach† portrays the vista the narrator is viewing as he looks out upon the sea. The â€Å"sea is calm†, and the â€Å"tide is full†. The moon and a French Lighthouse illuminate the shoreline, the â€Å"naked shingles of the Earth† where the land meets the sea. The â€Å"cliffs of England† are visible. This first part of the poem sets the dismal, depressing tone that dictates the poem from this point on. It also introduces two vital parts of the poem. It conveys the geography and setting, and it also connects the back and forth, back and forth motion of the pebbles with the hopelessness of the world. Even though the sea is calm, the waves are still drawing back and flinging the pebbles on the shoreline. The â€Å"grating roar† is the waves of the English Channel striking the shoreline. This motion of the pebbles caused by the waves â€Å"begin, and cease, and then again begin, with tremulous cadence slow†. It is this repetitious and unavoidable cycle of the pebbles as they are dominated by the waves of the sea that...

Investment Appraisal Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment Appraisal Techniques - Essay Example Some of the investment appraisal techniques used range from Net Present Value (NPV), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), Internal Rate of Return (ARR) and Payback Period. Net Present Value (NPV) As one of the investment appraisal techniques, net present value (NPV) method ensures that the value of all the expected future cash flows is calculated into the present values (Droms, & Wright, 2010). More significantly, the net present value (NPV) method takes into consideration the difference that arises between the present value of the expected cash inflows of a project and the present value of the expected cash outflows that the project will yield in the future (Crosson & Needles, 2011). This is essential in the determination of whether or not the project is viable in the present condition if the projected will yield the projected cash flow in the future (Moyer, McGuigan & Kretlow, 2008). Calculations are done using the discount rate of the cost of capital that is determined depending on co nsiderations of the future projected risk of the project (Hastings, 2009). More so, the use of the net present value (NPV) method in capital budgeting is necessary because it analyzes the profitability level of the intended project (Mowen, Hansen & Heitger, 2012). Above all, use of net present value (NPV) method in capital budgeting analysis is critical because it is more sensitive as compared to other method because it relies on the future cash inflows that the project is expected to yield (Duenas, 2006). Net Present Value (NPV) method YEAR 0 1 2 3 4 TOTAL Initial Outlay (0) (300,000) (300,000) Sales revenue - - 350,000 390,000 410,000 1,150,000 Materials and components - (50,000) (65,000) (65,000) (50,000) (230,000) Salaries and Wages - (70,000) (80,000) (85,000) (85,000) (320,000) Depreciation - (45,000) (45,000) (45,000) (45,000) (180,000) Advertising - (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (100,000) Equipment disposal 120,000 120,000 Net cash flow (0) (490,000) 145,000 170,000 32 5,000 150,000 Discounted factor (15%) 1.0 0.8696 0.7561 0.6575 0.5718 Discounted cash flows (0) (426104) 109,634.50 111,775 185,835 (18,859.5) Overheads are not taken into account as expenses because it is not directly related with the project. More so, the overheads costs are related with the companies head office function. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) Another investment appraisal technique that is used to estimate the expected rate of return of anticipated investment project is the accounting rate of return (ARR). More significantly, the use of the accounting rate of return (ARR) gives a more rapid way of estimating the expected net profits as a basis for comparing several different expected projects to be undertaken by a company (Siegel, Shim, & Hartman, 1998).   In addition, the accounting rate of return (ARR), takes an estimate of the returns that the expected project will yield during its entire useful life. As compared to the payback period method, the accounting rate of return (ARR) is rational as it considers the distribution of profits and not only the period the project is expected to take to get back the original amount of investment in the project (Brigham & Houston, 2009). One weakness of the accounting

Psychology Laboratory Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Psychology Laboratory Report - Essay Example Perceptions of body image are of research concern for psychopathologies such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, amongst both women and men (Fallon & Rozin, 2985). Body-image can be defined as a person's self-concept of their physical appearance (Strickland, 2004). Investigation of the sociocultural differences between genders in body image perception is increasing (Fallon & Rozin, 2985). Fallon and Rozin (1985) report that women tend to weigh themselves more often, are more likely to consider themselves as fat, are more likely to be on a diet, and tend to seek medical assistance with weight issues more frequently, as compared to men. These results, state Fallon and Rozin, may be related to women on average being less satisfied with their appearance than men. Further, studies appear to indicate body image perception in general for women and men is focused on issues of weight (Fallon & Rozin, 1985). Fallon and Rozin cite a study by Gray in 1977 that found women were more likely to consid er themselves overweight as compared to objective measurements, whereas men were likely to perceive themselves as underweight. Gray concluded that across the genders participants misperceived their weight when compared to their own gender, and make judgments about their weight based on standards that do not incorporate the health model (Fallon & Rozin, 1985). An example of such a standard is the perceptions of the ideal body image as judged by the opposite gender (Fallon & Rozin, 1985).Later research supports conclusions that many people experience a discrepancy between their perceptions of an ideal body image and their actual body image (Byrne & Hills, 1996). Sociocultural influences on perceptions of body image may be attributed to media portrayals of the ideal body within a western industrial nation (Fallon & Rozin, 1985). Traditionally targeted at the female form, media portrayals of a body ideal now extend to both women and men (Yang, Gray & Pope, 2005). Fallon and Rozin (1985) found that on average men tended to rate their current, ideal and attractive body-image as very similar. Whereas, women's ideal image tended to weigh less, than both current and attractive ratings. Fallon and Rozin highlighted in their results that perceptions of what the opposite sex consider an ideal body-image are usually wrong. They found that women considered men to desire a slimmer female form as compared to what men reported they liked, and men perceived women to be attracted to a heavier male form than what women reported.Studies have investigated methods to quantify the difference between an individual's perception of ideal and actual body image as a measure of body-image disturbance (Byrne & Hill, 1996). Importantly, it is necessary that such instruments be standardized for the populations they are used for, for example females and males, or differences in age or ethnicity (Byrne & hill, 1996). The Stunkard Body Shape Figure Scale (Stunkard et al., 1980 as cited in Strick land, 2004) is one such scale. The patterns of ranking perceived ideal and actual body image have provided insight into how females or males as a group differ amongst themselves, as well as in

Role of Zinc in Physical Growth and Cognitive Development

Role of Zinc in Physical Growth and Cognitive Development Summary The study covered 2 to 3 year old children in Laguna, Philippines. The study was conducted for the following purposes: to determine the zinc status and its relationship to physical growth and cognitive development; to describe the socio-economic and demographic characteristics, water and sanitation practices, health services, and child care and feeding practices of mothers; to evaluate the food intake and nutrient adequacy; to assess the nutritional status, zinc status and iron status; to determine the level of cognitive development; and to examine the association of zinc status with water and sanitation practices, health services, child care and feeding practices, nutritional status, iron status, and cognitive development. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics revealed that more than half of the households were located in lowland areas. Majority were living in single houses. Some owned the house and inherited the lot from parent. In terms of house materials, most roofs and external walls were made from galvanized iron and concrete/brick/stone. More than one-third of the households have floorings cemented with tiles/linoleum. The main source of electricity was MERALCO in which more than half have their own electric meter. LPG was their major source of fuel for cooking. Further, few households have small holding with agricultural animals like cattle, chicken, ducks, horses and milk cows. Of the households, 69% have 3 to 5 members in the family and 38.5% have children 12 years old and below. In terms of household income, the monthly income ranges from Php1, 000.00 to Php67, 200.00 with a mean monthly income of Php7, 762.00. In general, 57.7% of households were below poverty threshold. The age of mothers ranged from 19 to 58 years old. With a mean age of 29.9 years, more than one-third of the mother-respondents were between 25 to 29 years old. Nearly 3% and 25% were below 20 years and beyond 35 years of age, respectively. In terms of education attainment, majority of mother-respondents either reached high school or graduated from high school. Probably because of lack of education, majority of them have no occupation. Majority of the mothers were married. With regards to religion, most mothers were Roman Catholic. There were more children in district 2 who participated in the study probably because of higher number of children in the area. More than half were 31 to 35 months of age and were female. Some of them belong as the second child in the family. Moreover, 30.2% of the mothers remembered the birth weight of their children based from recall and as recorded in the child’s birth certificate. Only 4% of children were born with low weight. More than one-third of the households have main source of and access to drinking water from the community water system. More than half of the mothers stockpiled water in plastic containers with cover for less than 5 days which can reduce the risk of water storage from being contaminated. Perhaps having an access to sufficient quality and quantity of safe water for consumption, nearly one-third of the mothers do not to store water for drinking. Majority of the mothers spent amount of time obtaining water from water sites that could have been dedicated to other activities like child care. In terms of toilet facilities, almost all households have their own water-sealed latrines however 30.9% of them shared their toilets with other households. In relation to garbage disposal and segregation, most of the households have their garbage collected and carried out proper waste segregation possibly because of the garbage collection system being implemented in the province. In terms of health conditions, almost 70% of the children have been sick for the last 30 days. The most common type of illness experienced was Upper Respiratory Tract Infection such as cough, cold and pneumonia. Parasitism was one of the existing health illnesses among children but majority of them were not yet dewormed. Among children who had suffered from illnesses, 85.9% of the mothers sought for medical help probably because of better access to health centers. In terms of infection, only 12.1% of children were tested positive with infection. Male children were more at risk to infection than female counterparts. With regards to health services, 48.3% of children were not fully immunized, 20.1% received iron syrups and 79.2% received Vitamin A supplementation. More than half of the mothers brought their children to health centers when suffering from diarrhea and nearly 30% of children were provided with Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). In terms of participation in nutrition educati on classes, only 32.2% of the mothers were attending. In addition, 65.1% of the households were involved in different government nutrition programs food fortification, food assistance, community food production and livelihood programs. Relative to child care and feeding practices, most of the mothers were the main source of physical and emotional care of the children. In her absence, 31.6% of grandmothers took responsibility by feeding the child, bathing the child and baby-sitting. All mothers claimed that they frequently talk, praise, kiss/hug/show affection, play, and tell stories with their children. During meals, majority of the mothers help, encourage and motivate the children to eat as well as they maintain eye to eye contact and minimize distractions if children lose interest easily. Similarly, most of the mothers put their children to sleep and take care of them when they wake up at night. In terms of the children’s personal hygiene, more than half of them have their own utensils. Majority of children’s hands and face were being washed before eating and after toileting. Of the mothers, almost all wash their hands after toileting the child. In relation to the cleanliness of environment, most of the mothers made sure that their children do not eat food picked up from the ground, do not eat food touched by animals and keep their children away from animal excrement. Moreover, most of the mothers exclusively breastfed their children; initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of life; and gave colostrum during infancy. Nearly half of the children were introduced with solid foods at six months. Most of the children were continued being breastfed by mothers even when they have been given solid food. As children grow old, almost all mothers said they increase their children’s quantity of food, frequency of feeding, consistency of food, and number of food given to them. Moreover, nearly all mothers experiment food combinations, tastes and textures for their children. Similarly, majority of the mothers feed their children during illnesses and recovery. In reference from the scoring system developed for the study, results show that child care and feeding practices of the mothers were excellent which may be attributed to participation in health and nutrition education activities conducted in every barangay. Feeding problems were being encountered among children. Majority of the children accept very limited number of food and reject other food thus they eat food of the same nutrients. Most of them tend to linger with their food during mealtime. More than half eat more than what they need. Conversely, a few of them felt like vomiting especially when fed with coarse foods and some asserted independence in choosing the taste of food. The mean 2-day total food intake of children weighed 1126.2 grams. The two food items considered as the most important in children’s diet were rice and rice products, and whole milk. Overall, majority of the children had energy intake of 100% or more and protein intake of 80% or more. More than 80% of children were able to meet the EAR for Fe and 79.2% for Zn. Thus, no elevated risk of zinc deficiency was found among children based on zinc intake. In terms of supplementation, results show that 47% of children were given with vitamin supplements. Based from the three anthropometric indices, weight-for-age showed that 81.2% of the children had normal weight-for-age while 18.8% suffered from acute malnutrition. Disaggregating by gender, females were more at-risk to acute malnutrition than males. Height-for-age revealed that 33.5% of children were stunted while 66.4% of children had normal height-for-age. The distribution of height-for-age by gender revealed that males had higher prevalence at 19.5% than females. Weight-for-height presented that 3.4% of children had low weight-for-height. Majority had normal weight-for-height while 1.3% was overweight-for-height. Considering the weight-for-height distribution by gender, the current nutritional status of children revealed that 45.6% and 49.7% males and females, respectively, had normal weight-for-height. In terms of biochemical indices, the overall zinc deficiency prevalence was 2%, which considered as low public health significance. The mean serum zinc level in children was 123. 13Â µg/dL. Both gender had the same mean serum zinc, but female children were found at risk to zinc deficiency. The overall anemia prevalence rate was 12.1% and considered as moderate public health significance. The mean hemoglobin level of children was 11.95 g/dL. Mean hemoglobin level and prevalence was higher among female children than male. Only 12.1% of children were tested positive with infection. Male children were at risk to infection than female counterparts. Assessment of cognitive development showed that the average cognitive scaled score was 9.72 points. Disaggregated by age in months, 31 to 35 month old children had the highest average cognitive scaled scores. In general, 27.5% of children were delayed in overall development, from which 12.1% had significant delay while 26.2% were advanced in their overall development from which 1.3% was significantly advanced. Correlation analysis revealed that significant associations were found in water and sanitation practices, health services, infection, food intake, nutritional status and cognitive development. No association was found between child care practices and nutritional status. Using the regression model, the study showed contributory factors that zinc status were energy intake, iron intake, zinc intake, height-for-age, cognitive development and infection. Conclusions The study imparted some knowledge and understanding on the association of zinc status, physical growth, other biochemical indices and cognitive development. It provided evidences on the association of zinc status with water and sanitation practices, infection and health services, child care and feeding practices, food intake, physical growth, iron status and cognitive development. The study found factors that were associated with nutritional status of children. Water and sanitation practices of the households and the mothers like sources of water, storage of water, garbage disposal and waste segregation as well as health services extended to children were associated with nutritional status. In the same manner, infection, food intake and cognitive development were associated with nutritional status. Similarly, weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height were associated with zinc status, iron status and cognitive development. Associations were found in zinc status, iron status and cognitive development and between iron status and cognitive development, as well. Regression model showed the contributory factors that may affect zinc deficiency. Children with adequate intake of energy, zinc and iron were less likely to become zinc deficient. Similarly, zinc deficiency was less likely to occur among children with normal height for their age and who have an average cognitive development. Conversely, zinc deficiency was higher in children with infection. Recommendations With the assessment of zinc status and its relationship with physical growth and cognitive development, it is recommended that in the achievement of optimum nutritional status of 2 to 3 year old children, food intake should be improved early in life. Nutrition counselling among mothers on Infant and Young Child Feeding should be implemented to promote breastfeeding; the importance of early initiation of breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding; and its effect on infant growth and survival. Considering the new child growth standards, promotion of breastfeeding and improvement of appropriate complementary feeding are important due to its effects on morbidity, feeding patterns and growth outcomes beyond infancy. Similarly, exclusively breastfed infants of mothers with adequate zinc nutriture can provide their zinc requirements up to 5 to 6 months in life. However, after 6 months of age, breastmilk alone cannot supply sufficient zinc to meet infant’s needs. S o, delayed introduction of complementary foods until after 6 months of age, or inadequate amounts of absorbable zinc in complementary foods increased the risk of zinc deficiency. Therefore, ensure messages on zinc that presented to have associations with stunting and cognitive development. These nutritional outcomes are important in the overall growth and development of children. Because stunting is irreversible after 36 months of age, interventions on pregnant women and young children, particularly those under 24 months of age, should be given attention. Supplementary feeding interventions beyond 36 months of age would not reduce stunting, as rapid weight gain in later childhood is associated with adverse long-term outcomes. A preventive strategy of behavioural change communication for mothers and food supplementation for all 6 to 23 month old children should be targeted in conjunction with the content and timing of present nutrition interventions. In the Philippines, zinc supplementation is provided for the treatment of diarrhea. The study had recognized that zinc delivery intervention such as supplementation improves zinc status, physical growth and cognitive development, as well as documented in the Lancet Series 2013. Health service providers should examine the existing policies on micronutrient supplementation and consider if zinc supplementation could be integrated in the program. Mothers’ participation in health and nutrition services and programs improved the nutritional status of children. Thus, the local health units and health service providers should encourage the participation of the mothers in all health services such as immunization, deworming and micronutrient supplementation. The implementation of micronutrient supplementation should be properly strategized and improved. Health service providers should be more competent and more responsive. Supplies should be continuously available. Health information system should be more efficient and client care should be organized. Government programs should be intensified as these contribute to the improvement of nutritional status. Proper targeting of households and individuals should be designed especially when resources are inadequate. Moreover, nutrition programs should be periodically monitored to review the information, implementation and coverage and use for comparison with the implementation plans. Similarly, programs should be systematically and objectively evaluated to measure the relevance, efficiency and cost-effectiveness; to determine if needs and results have been or are being achieved, and to analyze the details for any discrepancy.

Simplex Method

A comprehensive look at the compensation methods and benefit program is necessary to reveal any holes in the system. The company will then explore the many options available to it when deciding on a compensation package suite to both the employee and the organization. An objective function is when you have one word that is the keyword. And that keyword Is either minimized or maximized. You can do this to a name, colon, or a linear equation. â€Å"Although a particular linear program must have one objective function, a model may contain more than one objective declaration. (Fourier, Gay, & Kernighan, 2003, pig. 34, Chapter 8). Constraints are a little different than objective functions. But they do have some similarities. The Similarities are that they both use a keyword the only thing is in constraints you do not have to have a beginning keyword like you do in and objective function. â€Å"The name off constraint, like the name of an objective, is not used anywhere else in an algeb raic model† (Fourier, Gay, Kernighan, 2003, pig. 134, Chapter 8). Both the objective function and constraints work well together you cannot use one without using the other. The simplex method was invented by Gorge B.Dating in 1947. The simplex method is the most superior tool used today in most applications of linear programming. Tangle's work has been honored many times. To name a few, The National Medal of Science In 1975, the Jon Von Neumann Theory Prize of the Operations Research Society of America, and the Institute of Management Science, In 1974. He believed that the greatest theories must pass the final test of being able to solve the problem that originated it (Dating, 1994). He worked with the U. S. Air Force where he became an expert on planning methods solved with your every day desk calculator.At the time this was called â€Å"programming†, a term used by the military referring to plans or schedules for the training, deployment of men and logistical supply f or them. Today, many industries use the simplex method to maximize or minimize profits and costs throughout the company. Management within these companies uses the simplex method to disperse scarce resources amongst the company. Industries use the simplex method to find the best way to allocate these resources such as labor, trials, machines and capital (Using the Simplex Method – Oregon State University Extension Service, 1998).Simplex Method within Winter Technologies use of the simplex method will be demonstrated to solve a common resource allocation situation faced by many companies. Winter Technologies has been has the following resources available to work on the project. Technical resource one costs $1 5/hour and is available for a maximum of 30 hours. Technical resource 2 costs $20/hour and is available a maximum of 40 hours. Technical resource 2 costs $25/hour and is available a maximum of 50 hours. The company would also like to have technical resource to work for le ss than one third of the hours on the project.If this restriction had not been placed on Tech 2, the total cost of the project could have been reduced as Tech 2 could have taken on more hours under its constraint. Conclusion The simplex method is used to solve problems in linear programming. This was a big undertaking for Winter Technologies and should not be taken lightly. Every linear program can be converted into standard form where the constraints are equalities and the objective is maximized and nonnegative are the variables. All elements described were carefully considered before the project is undertaken.A poorly lactated linear program can mean disaster for the company and can take years to erase. With this consideration in mind Team A use the simplex method that allows them to improve the solution at each step. The simplex method will start from a random vertex value of the objective function and repeatedly find another vertex value that improves the one you have before. On ce the team standardized the model, they begin to implement the simplex method. To begin the team uses the simplex incoming variables, choosing the variable that slips out, updating the board, and return result.

Gender Differences in Communication Essay

Communications styles have always been different between men and women. As children our communications styles have been taught to us. According to John Gottman â€Å"Boys learn to suppress and bury their feelings, especially fear and other emotions that make them feel vulnerable. Girls are encouraged to express and talk about their feelings. † (whymarriages). Women and men may share some similarities but, we can all agree that when it comes to the aspects of communication there is a significant difference. Since childhood the communications between men and women have been different. This is evident in the upbringing of males and females â€Å"Boy and girl infants are treated differently by both parents. Both mom and dad speak louder voices to boys, caress and coo at girls more, show greater facial disapproval to girls’ anger, and use more aggressive physical play with boys. † (Lathrop) When boys are raised they are taught certain aspects of a relationship are not as important whereas, with women that is the main focus. For example, â€Å"Typically, boys are not taught skills relating to intimacy and emotions while girls are carefully taught to focus primarily on these. (Lathrop) Although, that is what boys are taught it’s all based upon how the parents raise or model â€Å"correct† behavior at a young age. But, boys are naturally problem solvers unlike women. When men are communicating they come into the conversation looking for solution to the problem at hand. According to Marlene Lathrop, â€Å"Boys develop visual-spatial-logical and problem-solving skills sooner than girls and tend to talk about things and activities, while girls develop talking-reading-vocabulary and interpersonal skills sooner than boys and tend to talk about people, feelings and developing friendships. (Communicationsstyle) Unlike men, women are not the problem solvers, they are more sensitive and emotional when it comes to communication women relate more to the emotions of the issues rather than the logistics like men. Women are and Men are very different non-verbally when it comes to communication. Body language in communication is one of the biggest factors. If you ever notice if you argue with a male, they never look at you in the eye. This is because men take direct eye contact as a threat and a challenge, when they feel challenged or threaten the communication becomes less effective. Studies say that the best place to argue is in the care, this is because it avoids the eye contact which is usually a threat to men. This is proven by Tonya Reiman who says â€Å"for men, a face to face position indicates challenge or confrontation† (Genderdifferences) You rarely ever see two men sit face to face or talk to one another making direct eye contact . But; Women are noted to be more sensitive and â€Å"touchy† when using non-verbal communication â€Å"women are considered to be more nonverbally warmer than men with a tendency to smile and lean towards others during conversation† (Rieman). Ever notice when women communicate what’s the first thing they say â€Å"Look at me when I’ talking to you! † This is because women take direct eye contact as a way of saying that the other person is listening to them as women we are active listeners unlike men. For example, â€Å"Women sit face-to –face with other women or stand closer, indicating a more open and intimate position that help them connect with one another. † (Reiman). Nodding and direct eye contact is a sign of understanding and as women we need that in order to achieve the connection that is trying to be made during communicating. Because women and men are raised differently non-verbal communication goes back to what they learn in childhood. For example; â€Å"In the first few years of life girls are more used to physical touch by their mothers during childhood compared with boys. Women therefore use touch to express caring, empathy and emotions. Men are seen as being more competitive and verbally assertive due to childhood influences of toys such as guns and swords† (rieman). The dreadful words to men â€Å"Let’s talk about it† may be like nails to a chalk board. But, to women it is a way of expressing and making a connection. Because men are automatic problem solvers they see this as a women looking for a solution to a problem and bypass the unimportant information and straight to the point. According to Deborah Tannen’s book â€Å"You Just Don’t Understand† she notes that Tannen notes that men are confused by women’s use of conversation to be intimate with others. Tannen describes this as â€Å"troubles talk. † She says, â€Å"For women, talking about troubles is the essence of connection. I tell you my troubles, you tell me your troubles, and we’re close. Men, however, hear troubles talk as a request for advice, so they respond with a solution. † When a man offers this â€Å"here’s a solution† to a woman it becomes as though the man is dismissing her and all things that she has previously said had no importance to him what so ever. However, with men they keep their problems to themselves a good majority of the time and men often go to other men just seek just advice nothing more and nothing less. Men and women have significant differences when it comes to communication styles. According to Tonya Reiman, â€Å"The communication style of women has been described as being more emotional than men. Women focus on feelings and building relationships while men focus on power and status. † (Genderdifferences). This statement is true because as women we are more emotional than men. A lot has to due back to how men and women are raised during childhood. Men are straight forward and to the point when it comes to communicating, they communicate to share information and converse in a very assertive and direct manner which is not what women do. With women they are more sensitive and more willingly to express how they feel and show more empathy rather than men. The communication style of men is to establish and maintain status and dominance, whereas with women’s communicating it is more open. When women get together they seek feedback of the other women present and make decisions based on a group based decision. Because men have a different communication style than women it sometimes clashes with the needs and wants when they communicate with one another. Women do not understand that men are all about dominance and status when it comes to communication, women are all about feeling which sometimes turn men off to what they are saying. According to Tannen,† men converse with a focus on achieving social status and avoiding failure, while women focus on achieving personal connection and avoiding social isolation. Men want to report, women want rapport. Not that men don’t value involvement or women status, but these aren’t as important for either†. (Youjustdont). In closing, Men are from Mars and women are truly from Venus especially communication wise. Neither gender truly understands where one another is coming from dealing with communication. A lot of the differences stem from childhood and society’s â€Å"correct† way of raising different genders. If we really sat back and truly analyze what we are doing when it comes to raising our men and women we can truly see how we are not helping but damaging. Because men are taught to keep their feelings inside it makes it difficult not only for the man but the women also.